I)

1) 

\(2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ 2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\\ CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\\ CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2+2H_2\xrightarrow[]{Ni,t^o}CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\xrightarrow[]{cracking}CH_2=CH-CH_3+CH_4\)

2)

\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\xrightarrow[]{CaO,t^o}CH_4+Na_2CO_3\\ 2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ CH\equiv CH+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH_2\\ CH_2=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)

3)

\(2CH_4\xrightarrow[]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ 2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\\ CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\\ nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}\left(-CH_2-CH=CH-CH_2-\right)_n\)

4) 

\(C_4H_8+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Ni,t^o}C_4H_{10}\\ C_4H_{10}\xrightarrow[]{cracking}CH_4+C_3H_6\\ 2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\)

II)

1)

\(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3+2Br_2\rightarrow CHBr_2-CBr_2-CH_2-CH_3\\ CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3+2Br_2\rightarrow CH_3-CBr_2-CBr_2-CH_3\\ CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3+AgNO_3+NH_3\rightarrow CAg\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3\downarrow+NH_4NO_3\)

2)

\(CH\equiv CH+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\rightarrow CAg\equiv CAg\downarrow+2NH_4NO_3\\ CH_2=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)

III)

1) \(n_C=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_H=\dfrac{0,88-0,06.12}{1}=0,16\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2O}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ankan}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_{ankan}=\dfrac{0,88}{0,02}=44\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CTHH của ankan là C_nH_2n+2

=> 14n + 2 = 44 => n = 3

Vậy X là C₃H₈ \(\left(CTCT:CH_3-CH_2-CH_3:propan\right)\)

2) \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,62}{18}=0,09\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=2n_{H_2O}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_C=\dfrac{1,62-0,18}{12}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ankin}=n_{CO_2}-n_{H_2O}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow nM_{ankin}=\dfrac{1,62}{0,03}=54\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CTHH của ankin là C_nH_2n-2

=> 14n - 2 = 54 => n = 4

Vậy X là C₄H₆

CTCT: 

\(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3:\) but-1-in

\(CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3:\) but-2-in

3)

Sửa đề: 1,17 -> 11,7

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{11,7}{18}=0,65\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{17,6}{44}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}>n_{CO_2}\Rightarrow\) hh thuốc dãy đồng đẳng ankan

Ta có: \(n_{hh}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo BTNT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_H=2n_{H_2O}=1,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow m_{hh}=0,4.12+1,3=6,1\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_{hh}=\dfrac{6,1}{0,25}=24,4\left(g/mol\right)\)

Đặt CT chung của hh là C_nH_2n+2

=> 14n + 2 = 24,4 => n = 1,6 

=> Hai hiđrocacbon là CH₄ và C₂H₆

\(CaC_2+2H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2+C_2H_2\\ C_2H_2+Br_{2\left(thiếu\right)}\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_2\\ 2C_2H_2+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)4CO_2+2H_2O\\ CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)

\(CaC_2+2H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2+C_2H_2\)

\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd}C_2H_4\)

\(nCH_2=CH_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o,p,xt}}\left(-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\)

\(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\)

\(Ca+2C\underrightarrow{t^o}CaC_2\\ CaC_2+2H_2O\rightarrow C_2H_2+2H_2O\\ C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\)

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\(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+2H_2O+Cl_2\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\\ 2FeCl_3\underrightarrow{đpnc}2Fe+3Cl_2\)

giải theo công thức là ra

\(C_4H_8 + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o,Ni} C_4H_{10}\\ C_4H_{10}\xrightarrow{t^o,Ni} CH_4 + C_3H_6\\ 2CH_4 \xrightarrow{lln,1500^oc}C_2H_2 + 3H_2\\ 2C_2H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o,p,xt} C_4H_4\\ C_2H_2 + 2AgNO_3 + 2NH_3 \to C_2Ag_2 + 2NH_4NO_3\\ C_2H_2 + H_2\xrightarrow{t^o,PbCO_3} C_2H_4\)

CaC₂ + 2H₂O → C₂H₂ + Ca(OH)₂

\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}C_2H_4\)

C₂H₄ + Br₂ → C₂H₄Br₂

: a) CaCO3, CaO, CaC2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CO2, CO

=> CaCO3-->CaO+CO2

CaO+C-->CaC2+CO

CaC2+H2O-->Ca(OH)2+C2H2

C2H2+H2-->C2H4

C2H4+H2-->C2H6

C2H6+O2-->CO2+H2O

CO2+C-->CO

C)Al+Cl2-->AlCl3

AlCl3+NaoH-->Al(OH)3+NaCl

Al(OH)3-->Al2O3+H2O

Al2o3+C-->Al4C3+CO

Al4C3+H2O-->Al(OH)3+CH4

CH4+H2-->C2H2

a) CaCO3--to-->CaO+CO2

CaO+2C--->CaC+CO

2CaC+2H2O--->Ca(OH)2+C2H2

C2H2+H2--to->C2H4

C2H4+H2--->C2H6

C2H6+7/2O2-->2CO2+3H2O

CO2+C---to->2CO

b) C2H6+Cl2-->C2H5Cl+HCl

C2H5Cl-->C2H4+HCl

C2H4+Br2--->C2H4Br2

C2H4Br+2NaOH-->C2H4(OH)2+2NaBr

c) 2Al+6HCl-->AlCl3+3H2

AlCl3+3NaOH-->Al(OH)3+3NaCl

2Al(OH)3-->Al2O3+3H2O

2Al2O3+9C--->Al4C3+6CO

Al4C3+12H2O--->3CH4+4Al(OH)3

2CH4-->C2H2+3H2

3C2H2-->C6H6

C6H6+CH3Cl--->C6H5CH3+HCl

C6H5CH3+2KMnO4--->H2O+KOH+2MnO2+C6H5COOK

: a) CaCO3, CaO, CaC2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CO2, CO

=> CaCO3-->CaO+CO2

CaO+C-->CaC2+CO

CaC2+H2O-->Ca(OH)2+C2H2

C2H2+H2-->C2H4

C2H4+H2-->C2H6

C2H6+O2-->CO2+H2O

CO2+C-->CO

C)Al+Cl2-->AlCl3

AlCl3+NaoH-->Al(OH)3+NaCl

Al(OH)3-->Al2O3+H2O

Al2o3+C-->Al4C3+CO

Al4C3+H2O-->Al(OH)3+CH4

CH4+H2-->C2H2

Theo chiều từ trái sang, từ trên xuống nhé

\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd,PbCO_3}C_2H_4\)
\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{H^+,t^o}C_2H_5OH\)

\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{men.giấm}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)

\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\underrightarrow{H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)},t^o}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)

\(CH_3COOC_2H_5+NaOH\underrightarrow{t^o}CH_3COONa+C_2H_5OH\)

\(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\)

\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)

\(2CH_3COOH+CuO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Cu+H_2O\)

\(CH_3COOC_2H_5+NaOH\underrightarrow{t^o}CH_3COONa+C_2H_5OH\)

\(C_2H_5OH+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+3H_2O\)

\(C_2H_2+C_2H_4\xrightarrow[t^o]{Pd\text{/}PdCO_3}C_2H_4\\ C_2H_4+H_2O\xrightarrow[H^+]{t^o}C_2H_5OH\\ C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{\text{men giấm}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\\ CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_{4\left(đặc\right)}}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\\ CH_3COOC_2H_5+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+C_2H_5OH\)

\(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\\ C_2H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_2H_5ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\\ 2CH_3COOH+CuO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Cu+H_2O\\ CH_3COOC_2H_5+KOH\rightarrow CH_3COOK+C_2H_5OH\\ C_2H_5OH+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+3H_2O\)

1. \(CaCO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}CaO+CO_2\)

\(CaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2\)

\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)

\(CaCl_2+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2NaCl+CaCO_{3\downarrow}\)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)

\(NaHCO_3+NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)

2. \(CaC_2+2H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2+C_2H_2\)

\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd}C_2H_4\)

\(nCH_2=CH_2\underrightarrow{t^o,p,xt}\left(-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\)

\(C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\)

\(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\)